Painful conditions of the lumbar spine are among the most common health issues today, significantly impacting an individual’s quality of life. The increased prevalance of sedentary lifestyle, insufficient physical activity, and poor posture contribute to the rising incidence of lower back pain, ranging from mild discomfort to severe chronic pain. Such conditions reduce a person’s functional abilities, limit mobility, and create a fear of movement, leading to an increased need for medical treatment. Kinesiotherapy, as form of rehabilitation based on therapeutic exercises and movement, plays a key role in the treatment and prevention of painful conditions of lumbar spine. Its application is focused on improving mobility, stability, and strength, thereby reducing pain, enchancing physical function, and improving quality of life. In this context, kinesiotherapy stands out as a crucial component in the rehabilitation process of painful conditions of the lumbar spine. As a non-invasive method that uses targeted exercises to improve mobility, stability, and strength, kinesiotherapy not only alleviates symptoms but also addresses the underlying causes of the problem, providing long-term solutions. Optimization of rehabilitation programs through the application of kinesiotherapy can significantly improve treatment outcomes, reduce the risk of reccurring pain, and enhance the overall health of patient. This thesis investigates the role of kinesiotherapy in optimizing the rehabilitation of painful conditions of the lumbar spine. The aim of the thesis is to analyze in detail the effects of kinesiotherapy on mobility, stability, and strength, and to provide quidelines for the development of effective rehabilitation protocols. Through the analysis of recent research and practical examples, this thesis seeks to contribute to a better understanding and application of kinesiotherapy as the foundation for successful rehabilitation of painful conditions in the lumbar region of the back.