| Sažetak | Osnovni cilj ovog istraživanja je utvrditi osnovna obilježja psiholoških vještina suočavanja mladih plivača. U ovom istraživanju sudjelovalo je ukupno 161 mladi plivač iz 7 plivačkih klubova u dobi od 11 do 18 godina. U ukupnom uzorku ispitanika psihološke vještine suočavanja: vrlo visoko su izražene dostupnost treniranju i samopouzdanje – motivacija; visoko su izražene koncentracija, suočavanje s poteškoćama i mentalna priprema – postavljanje ciljeva; osrednje je izraženo plivanje pod pritiskom; nisko je izražena sloboda od anksioznosti. Utvrđene su razlike po spolu ispitanika u mjerama psiholoških vještina suočavanja: suočavanje s poteškoćama, koncentracija, samopouzdanje-motivacija, plivanje pod pritiskom, sloboda od anksioznosti i u ukupnom rezultatu psiholoških vještina suočavanja pri čemu plivači imaju više rezultate od plivačica u svim navedenim varijablama. Utvrđene su razlike po dobi ispitanika u mjerama: za plivačice, u mjerama suočavanje s poteškoćama, samopouzdanje-motivacija, koncentracija, sloboda od anksioznosti i u ukupnom rezultatu psiholoških vještina suočavanja, a za plivače u mjerama samopouzdanje-motivacija, mentalna priprema – postavljanje ciljeva, suočavanje s poteškoćama i u ukupnom rezultatu psiholoških vještina suočavanja. S obzirom na trenažno iskustvo u plivanju, za plivačice nisu utvrđene značajne razlike između skupine plivačica, a za plivače su utvrđene razlike u pet mjera: samopouzdanje-motivacija, ukupni rezultat psiholoških vještina suočavanja, koncentracija, mentalna priprema – postavljanje ciljeva i suočavanje s poteškoćama. S obzirom na plivačke dionice koje mladi plivači najčešće plivaju, i za plivačice i za plivače, nisu utvrđene značajne razlike u psihološkim vještinama suočavanja. S obzirom na dosadašnju razinu uspješnosti u plivanju mladih plivača, za plivačice su utvrđene razlike u mjerama: suočavanje s poteškoćama, plivanje pod pritiskom i ukupni rezultat psiholoških vještina suočavanja, a za plivače su utvrđene razlike: dostupnost treniranju, koncentracija, plivanje pod pritiskom, mentalna priprema – postavljanje ciljeva i suočavanje s poteškoćama. Općenito gledano, rezultati ovog istraživanja ukazuju na potrebu za edukacijom mladih plivača i trenera u područjima psiholoških vještina suočavanja. |
| Sažetak (engleski) | The main aim of this research was to determine the basic characteristics of the psychological coping skills of young swimmers. A total of 161 young swimmers, aged between 11 and 18 years, participated in this research. In the total sample of young swimmers, psychological coping skills were expressed: coachability and self-confidence-motivation were very highly expressed; concentration, coping with adversity, and mental preparation-setting goals were highly expressed; swimming under pressure was moderately expressed; freedom from anxiety was low. Gender differences were determined in the measures of psychological coping skills: coping with adversity, concentration, self-confidence-motivation, swimming under pressure, freedom from anxiety and in the overall score of psychological coping skills, with male swimmers having higher scores than female swimmers in all the mentioned variables. Age differences were determined in the measures: for female swimmers, in the measures of coping with adversity, self-confidence-motivation, concentration, freedom from anxiety and in the overall score of psychological coping skills; and, for male swimmers in the measures of self-confidence-motivation, mental preparation-setting goals, coping with adversity and in the overall score of psychological coping skills. With regard to training experience in swimming, no significant differences of psychological coping skills between the groups of swimmers were found for female swimmers, and differences of psychological coping skills were found for the groups of male swimmers in five coping skills measures: self-confidence-motivation, overall score of psychological coping skills, concentration, mental preparation-setting goals and coping with adversity. Considering the swimming distances (short - sprint, middle, or long distances) that young swimmers swim most often, no significant differences in psychological coping skills were found for both subsamples oh male and female swimmers. With regard to the previous young swimmer’s level of success in swimming, differences of psychological coping skills were found in a subsample of female swimmers: coping with adversity, swimming under pressure and the overall score of psychological coping skills; as well, differences were found in a subsample of male swimmers: coachability, concentration, swimming under pressure, mental preparation-setting goals, and coping with adversity. In general, the results of this research point to the need for educating young swimmers and their coaches in the areas of psychological coping skills. |
