The thesis discusses the importance of physical and health literacy (PHL) in making informed decisions about one's health and lifestyle. It highlights the various ways to develop PHL, including formal education, group programs, workshops, and personal experiences. The impact of high PHL on individual health, community well-being, and healthcare costs is emphasized. The concept of physical literacy (PL) is explored, focusing on its significance in education, sports, and recreation. The thesis also highlights the need for targeted interventions to improve PL, especially among adolescents. Health literacy (HL) is discussed in depth, covering its evolution, definition, and relevance in contemporary society. It outlines the three levels of HL and their impact on individual and public health. Various measurement tools for assessing HL are presented, with a focus on the HLS-EU-Q as a reliable instrument. The thesis delves into the challenges of finding the right balance between physical inactivity and excessive activity, emphasizing the importance of listening to one's body and adapting to individual needs. It discusses the changing lifestyles and environments that contribute to decreased physical activity and the resulting health consequences. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity is examined, highlighting the negative effects of lockdowns, remote work, increased screen time, and social distancing on physical and mental health. The thesis emphasizes the importance of physical activity in maintaining a healthy immune system and addresses the mental health challenges brought about by the pandemic. The epidemic of physical inactivity and its consequences, such as decreased fitness, weight gain, and musculoskeletal issues, is also discussed.